Hirsutism is a medical condition characterized by the presence of excessive or unwanted hair growth in areas of the body where it is typically minimal or absent in women, such as the face, chest, and back. It is often caused by an imbalance in the levels of male hormones, known as androgens, in the body. Male hormones, also known as androgens, are present in both men and women. In men, androgens are responsible for the development of male characteristics such as facial hair, a deeper voice, and muscle mass. In women, androgens are present at much lower levels, but they still play a role in female reproductive and sexual health. Androgens are produced by the adrenal glands and the ovaries in women, and by the testes in men. The primary androgen in both men and women is testosterone. In women, testosterone is produced in smaller amounts than in men, but it is still important for maintaining libido, bone density, and muscle mass.

Hirsutism can be a distressing condition for women, as it can affect their appearance and self-esteem. It can also be a sign of underlying health problems, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or adrenal gland disorders.

There are several factors that can contribute to hirsutism, including genetics, certain medications, and certain medical conditions. Genetics play a role in determining the density and distribution of hair on the body, and some women may be more prone to hirsutism due to inherited traits. Certain medications, such as steroids and certain anti-seizure medications, can also cause hirsutism as a side effect. Medical conditions such as PCOS, adrenal gland disorders, and tumors of the ovaries or adrenal glands can also cause hirsutism by disrupting the balance of androgens in the body.

The diagnosis of hirsutism typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Blood tests may also be ordered to measure hormone levels and check for underlying medical conditions. Treatment options for hirsutism depend on the underlying cause of the condition and may include medications to regulate hormone levels, hair removal methods, and lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise.

Medications that can be used to treat hirsutism include oral contraceptives, which can help regulate hormone levels, and anti-androgens, which block the effects of androgens on the body. Laser hair removal and electrolysis are effective methods for permanently removing unwanted hair, although they may require multiple sessions and can be costly. Other hair removal methods, such as shaving, waxing, and plucking, can be used to temporarily remove unwanted hair.

Lifestyle changes can also be effective in managing hirsutism. Maintaining a healthy diet and exercising regularly can help regulate hormone levels and improve overall health. Reducing stress and managing mental health can also be helpful in managing hirsutism, as stress and anxiety can affect hormone levels and exacerbate the condition.

Hirsutism can be a distressing condition for women, but it is important to remember that it is treatable and manageable. Seeking the guidance of a healthcare provider can help identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment. With proper treatment and self-care, it is possible to manage hirsutism and improve quality of life.

Hypertrichosis, on the other hand, refers to excessive hair growth anywhere on the body. It can affect both men and women and can be present at birth or develop later in life. Hypertrichosis can be classified as either generalized, which affects large areas of the body, or localized, which affects a specific area. There are several types of hypertrichosis, including congenital hypertrichosis, which is present at birth, and acquired hypertrichosis, which develops later in life.

The cause of hypertrichosis can vary. It can be inherited or it can be caused by certain medications, medical conditions, or skin disorders. Treatment options for hypertrichosis depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, laser hair removal, and electrolysis.

December 2021.