Rhabdomyolysis is a medical condition that occurs when muscle tissue breaks down rapidly. This can lead to the release of muscle fibers and their breakdown products, such as myoglobin, into the bloodstream. Rhabdomyolysis can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, as the release of these substances can lead to kidney damage and potentially kidney failure.

There are several causes of rhabdomyolysis, including overexertion during exercise, physical trauma, such as a car accident or crush injury, and certain medical procedures, such as prolonged immobilization or surgery. It can also be caused by certain medications, such as statins, and illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines.

Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis can include muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine. Dark urine is caused by the presence of myoglobin in the urine. Other symptoms may include fever, nausea, and vomiting.

Diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. A physical examination may reveal muscle tenderness and weakness, as well as other signs and symptoms of muscle damage. Laboratory tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) and a blood chemistry panel, can help to identify elevated levels of muscle enzymes, such as creatinine kinase, in the blood. Imaging studies, such as an Ultrasound, or MRI, may also be used to help diagnose rhabdomyolysis and assess the extent of muscle damage.

Treatment of rhabdomyolysis typically involves supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. This may include IV fluids to help flush the breakdown products out of the body and prevent kidney damage, as well as medications to control pain and reduce inflammation. In severe cases, dialysis may be necessary to help filter the breakdown of products from the bloodstream and support kidney function.

Prevention of rhabdomyolysis involves avoiding activities that may cause muscle trauma or overexertion, such as heavy lifting or intense exercise. It is also important to be aware of the potential side effects of medications and to follow the recommended dosage and usage instructions.

Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition that can lead to significant muscle damage and potentially life-threatening complications, such as kidney failure. It is important to be aware of the potential causes and to take steps to prevent them, as well as to seek prompt medical attention if you experience any symptoms.

May 2022.